
Situated in the southern part of India, the state of
Karnataka spreads over the Deccan Plateau. At 300B.C., it had formed the
southern tip of the Mauryan Empire. Its boundaries enlarged or receded
swaying to the drum beats of history & today it accounts for a sixteenth
area of India & has a population of about 45 million. Its language is
Kannada & its people are known as kannadigas. The three distinct regions are
a narrow coastal area along Arabian Sea; high hills, the Western Ghats; &
sprawling plains towards the east.
Karnataka popularly known for
Carnatic Music through out the World has given much more to the World than
Carnatic Music, a unique form of Classical Music patronized by many across the
continents. Karnataka with all its richness in culture and traditional grandeur
is also one of the fastest growing states in terms of industries and facilities.
Karnataka is also known as the Capital of Agarbathi (Incense Sticks), Arecanut,
Silk, Coffee and Sandal Wood. All this is apart from the fact that it has been
the culture center for hundreds of years and its testimony stands spread across
the state pulling millions of tourists from all parts of the world to Karnataka.
Karnataka was known as Karunadu (elevated land) in ancient times. It is
also believed that the name Karnataka has come from "Kari-nadu" meaning
the land of black soil say the scholars, & some others hold that Karunadu
also means beautiful country; either way the land is celebrated as beautiful
throughout its ancient literature.
The western strip across the Arabian
sea is humid & warm in summer, water-soaked in monsoon, profuse with coconut
grooves & paddy fields criss-crossed by strips of silvery streams &
sparkling stretches of sand.
The hilly uplands of Malanad, One of the
wettest regions of the world, where the bamboo flourishes wild & areca,
teak, rosewood & matti are grown. It is also the home of the stately gaur
& langur. In its southern reaches frequent kheddas are held to capture
roaming groups of elephants. Also the swift deer & the deadly tiger, roam
animatedly in the forests.
The east of the ghats is strikingly bare. This
elevated stretch is supposed to be the oldest land on the earth where ancient
rocks of earth are seen jutting in & out odd shapes. Rivers like Cauvrey,
Sharavathi & Ghataprabha pass through upgraded valleys & resulting in
water-falls & occasional rapids. The torrential fall of these rivers have
been harnessed to generate hydroelectric power.
The Capital par
excellence
The capital par excellence Bangalore today has become an
Industrial Metropolis. It is also called India's science city. Sophisticated
industries in the public sector employ thousands and thousands of workers. It is
also called the Electronics city because most of the country's basic electronic
industries are based here. It is the fastest growing city in Asia.
Aircraft building, telecommunication, aeronautics, machine manufacture,
etc., have taken giant strides here. Bangalore was known for its salubrious
climate, which however is now being debated because of the accelerated progress
of modern industry. It is also called an air-conditioned city and a pensioner's
paradise.
Karnataka is beautiful not only in the eyes of her sons and
daughters. She captivates any one who sets eyes on her. It was the great Mauryan
Emperor Chandragupta who traversed all the way from Magadha to
distant Sravanabelagola to lay his remains in this land before entering
the Kingdom of God.
The course of Karnataka's history and culture takes
us back to pre-historic times. The earliest find of the Stone Age period in
India was a hand axe at Lingasugur in Raichur district. The Ashoka's rock
edicts found in the state indicates that major parts of Northern Karnataka were
under the Mauryas. Chandragupta Maurya, the great Indian emperor abdicated the
throne and embraced Jainism at Sravanabelagola. Adding new dimensions to
the cultural and spiritual ethos of the land, many great dynasties left their
imprint upon the aesthetic development of Karnataka's art forms. Prominent among
them were the Chalukyas, the Hoysalas and the mighty Vijayanagara Empire.
The Chalukyans built some of the very early Hindu temples in India. Aihole
turned up as an experimental base for the dynamic creations of architects. The
Hoysalas who ruled from the 11th to the 13th century chiseled their way into the
pages of glory by building more than 150 temples each one is a masterpiece in
its own way. The amazing dexterity and fluidity of expressions at Somnathpur,
Halebid and Belur open themselves to the wide-eyed wonder in one's eyes.
Vijayanagara, the greatest of all medieval Hindu empires and one of the greatest
the world over, fostered the development of intellectual pursuits and fine arts.
"The eye of the pupil has never seen a place like it and the ear of intelligence
has never been informed that there existed anything to equal it in the world" is
what Abdur Razaaq the Persian ambassador had to say about Krishnadevaraya's
time.
The Vijayanagara Empire with its capital at Hampi fell a victim to
the marauding army of the Deccan Sultan in 1565 A.D. As a consequence of this,
Bijapur became the most important city of the region. This city is a land of
monuments and perhaps no other city except Delhi has as many monuments as
Bijapur. The Bahmani Shahis and the Adilshahis of Bijapur have played a notable
part in the history of Karnataka by their contribution to the field of art and
architecture and also by their propagation of Islam in the state.
Hyder
Ali and his valiant son Tipu Sultan are notable figures in the history of the
land. They expanded the Mysore kingdom on an unprecedented scale and by their
resistance against the British, became personages of world fame. Tipu was a
great scholar and lover of literature. His artistic pursuits were also many and
he made rich gifts to the Hindu temples. Tipu Sultan "Tiger of Karnataka" was
killed in 1799 A.D., and the Mysore throne was handed over to the Wodeyar's. The
whole of Karnataka came under the control of the British in the beginning of the
19th century. The new state was named as new Mysore and the Maharaja of Mysore
was appointed Governor by Independent India. This unified state was renamed as
Karnataka on November 1, 1973.
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